Ken wonders if it is possible to change the default numbering format for endnotes from lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, etc.) to uppercase Roman numerals (I, II, etc.). While this can be done manually in the Insert Endnote dialog box, that takes several steps and a change to the default would be much easier and faster.
You can format footnotes and endnotes in the same manner in which you format regular text. If you have a large number of notes in your text, however, it could get tedious to manually format every one. Instead, consider changing the styles that Word automatically applies to footnotes and endnotes. Position your cursor in the paper where you want to insert the citation. You must uninstall earlier versions of EndNote before installing the latest version.
It is possible to change the default, but the way you do it is to change the template on which new documents are based. In most cases, this means changing the Normal template because most new documents are based, automatically, on settings stored in the Normal template. (In other words, changing the template is how you change many of Word's defaults—including endnote numbering styles.)
In order to make a change to the Normal template you need to load it directly. The location of the Normal template will vary from system to system, but you can use the Windows search feature to locate it. (Just search for Normal.dotx, Normal.dotm, or some variation of these names.) Load the template directly into Word and then follow these steps:
- Display the References tab of the ribbon.
- Click the small icon at the lower-right corner of the Footnotes group. Word displays the Footnote and Endnote dialog box.
- Select the Endnote radio button. (See Figure 1.)
- Using the Number Format drop-down list, select the numbering format you want to use.
- Click OK to close the Footnote and Endnote dialog box.
- Insert a dummy endnote and then delete it. (This is important so that Word actually has to 'use' the settings you made.)
- Save and close the template file.
Figure 1. The Footnote and Endnote dialog box.
The next time you create a document based on that template, the endnote reference numbers will be formatted as Roman numerals (assuming you selected a Roman numeral format in step 3). This won't affect any existing documents, only new ones.
Creating and setting up an EndNote library
Creating an EndNote library
1. Open EndNote by double-clicking on the EndNote icon in your Applications folder OR by typing ⌘-spacebar and typing 'EndNote' into Spotlight Search.
2. Depending on the program's preferences, you may see differing options here: the most recently-used library may open or you may see a blank EndNote application window. To create a new library, go to File > New.
3. Name your library (the default name for any new library is 'My EndNote Library'), check the Save as Package box and and pick a location on your computer where the library will be saved.
4. Click Save.
Setting up an EndNote library
Once you have created a library, there are a number of functions and options built into EndNote that allow you to optimize and customize your library.
Choosing and customizing Display Fields
You can choose up to ten fields to display as column headings in your library (note: all fields will still appear within each Reference)
1. Go to EndNote X9 > Preferences.
2. Choose Display Fields from the left-hand list.
3. Choose your desired field for each column from the drop-down menus. Note: If you want to remove a column so that fewer than ten fields appear, you can choose '[Do not display]' from the drop-down menu.
4. You can also choose to display Custom fields and rename those fields as desired by changing the name in the Heading column.
Using the Find Full Text function
EndNote can look for the full text of articles freely available on the internet and articles available through the OHSU Library's journal holdings.
1. Go to EndNote X9 > Preferences
2. Choose Find Full Text
3. Make sure these options are checked: DOI, PubMed LinkOut and OpenURL.
4. In the OpenURL Path box, if it does not already appear there, paste the following link (without quotes): 'https://librarysearch.ohsu.edu/primo-explore/openurl?institution=OHSU&vid=OHSU'
5. In the Authenticate With box, use this link (without quotes): 'https://login.liboff.ohsu.edu/login?url='
6. If desired, check the 'Automatically invoke Find Full Text on newly-imported references.' If this box is checked, EndNote will automatically search for a .pdf version of References imported into your EndNote library and attach it to the Reference in question.Using Term Lists
1. To ensure that your bibliographies will be formatted correctly, you should import a journal term list before you add any references to your library. The journal Term List includes journal name abbreviations, which may differ according to the bibliographic style used (NLM, APA, etc.)
2. Go to the Tools menu, Open Terms Lists, and then Journals Term List.
3. A blank table will appear. Click the Lists tab, then click Import List... button.
4. Navigate to your EndNote folder: Applications > EndNote X9 and open the Terms folder. Select the subject area for the type of references you will be working with (Medical, Chemical, BioSciences, etc.)
5. The table will be populated with full journal titles and their official abbreviations.
6. You can repeat these steps to include more than one journal list.
Adding references to your library
There are multiple methods for adding references to an EndNote library. References can be manually added to a library, imported from a database such as PubMed, or they can be added directly from the EndNote interface.
Manually adding a reference
References can be manually added one at a time to EndNote. This is the most labor-intensive and, in most cases, least efficient method of adding references. Manual entry of references should only be used when you are otherwise unable to locate the reference in a database.
1. In EndNote, go to References > New Reference
2. A blank New Reference box will pop up. Select the correct Reference Type (the default is Journal Article). You can then manually add information about author, date, title, etc.
3. There is no need to save the reference, it will be automatically saved when the New Reference box is closed (by clicking the red button in the top left corner of the box).
Importing references from a database search
PubMed MEDLINE
When searching PubMed, there are two ways to save citations into your EndNote library. If you are working with fewer than 200 results, you will likely want to use the Citation manager option. For result sets greater than 200, you will likely want to use the plain text file method. Before importing/exporting results, be sure you have the latest EndNote import filters for the databases you are searching installed on your computer.
Citation Manager option in PubMed (use this method if you have LESS than 200 PubMed citations to add to EndNote)
1. Perform your search in PubMed.
2. Select the references you want to save.
3. From the Send to drop-down menu, choose Citation manager. If you have an option to choose the Number to send, be sure itwill capture all of your search results (e.g. if you have 75 results, Number to send should be at least 100).
4. Click Create File
How To Format Endnotes In Word For Mac Shortcut
5. Depending on your browser, the next steps will vary:
6. In Firefox, select Open with and click the Choose button. Navigate to select the EndNote program and click OK.
7. In Safari, the file containing your citations will be automatically downloaded to your Downloads folder (or other destination, according to your browser settings). Once downloaded, open the file. You may get a message that says There is no application set to open the document 'citations.nbib.'
8. If you get this message, click the Choose Application button and navigate to the EndNote program and click Open.
9. If EndNote is open on your computer, the citations will import into the open EndNote library. If EndNote is not open, you will be asked to choose a library to which the citations will be added.
Exporting References from PubMed as a Plain Text File (use this methods if you have MORE than 200 PubMed citations to add to EndNote)
1. Perform your search in PubMed.
2. Select the references you want to save. If you want to export the entire result set do not select any references.
3. From the Send to drop-down menu, choose File.
4. From the Format drop-down menu, choose MEDLINE.
5. Click Create File.
6. Depending on your browser setting, the file may automatically be saved in your Downloads folder. If prompted, save the downloaded file to your desktop, downloads folder, or other easily discoverable location.
7. In EndNote choose File > Import.
8. Locate the file you just downloaded (it will have an .txt extension) and select it.
9. In the Import Options field choose PubMed (NLM). Note: the first time you do this, you will need to choose Other Filters and then select PubMed (NLM) from the list of import filter options.
10. Click Import and the records will be imported into your EndNote library.
Importing references from other databases
Ovid databases
Ovid databases (e.g. Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, etc.) available to OHSU library users include an option for direct export into EndNote.
1. Perform your search and select the references you want to save.
2. On your desktop, open the destination EndNote library for the references.
3. In Ovid, select Export.
4. In the Export Citation List box, select Export To > EndNote. If you want to include all of the citation information, be sure to choose Select Fields to Display > Complete Reference.
5. Click the Export Citations button.
6. Depending on your browser, the next steps will vary. Follow the same procedure described above in the Citation Manager option in PubMed section.
OHSU Library Catalog
References to books and other materials in the OHSU Library catalog can be added to EndNote using the Export feature.
1. Search the library catalog for your item.
2. Once you have identified the appropriate book or other record, find the '...' button near the right side of the page.
3. Select Export RIS (Note: Using the End Note export option in the drop-down box will direct you to EndNote's web version. Do not use this method if you want to add the reference to an EndNote library on your hard drive.)
4. A download box will open; select an encoding if one is not already (UTF-8 is usually a safe choice) and click Download.
5. Save the RIS file to an easily discoverable location.
6. In EndNote, choose File > Import.
7. Locate the file you just downloaded (it will have an .ris extension) and select it.
8. In the Import Options field choose RefMan RIS. Note: the first time you do this, you will need to choose Other Filters and then select RefMan RIS from the list of import filter options. Click Import.
Other databases
The steps for importing references from other databases accessible through the OHSU Library follow the same basic principles as those for importing references from PubMed. Once you have identified a set of references you want to add to your EndNote library, you need to export those references by creating and downloading a file to be imported into EndNote. It is important that the correct Import Filter is selected in EndNote in order for EndNote to be able to read the file that is being imported. The Import Filter you choose will be determined by the database.
Adding references directly from EndNote
You can also search databases such as PubMed directly in EndNote and add references from there. This method should generally not be our first choice method for adding references, and is most effective when you are searching for a specific reference that you know, for example, is indexed in PubMed. This guide from EndNote provides detailed instructions on how to search for and add references directly from EndNote.
Adding a reference from a .pdf
You can create a new reference directly from a pdf in many cases. EndNote uses the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) that is embedded in the .pdf to create a new reference. If the .pdf does not have a DOI, the PDF will be imported, but you will need to edit the reference once it is created. For that reason, be sure to check references created from .pdf for accuracy once they have been added to EndNote.
1. Go to File>Import.
2. From the Import Options drop down box, select PDF File or Folder.
3. Navigate to the .pdf you wish to add to EndNote.
4. Click Import. A new reference will be created with the .pdf attached.
Using Endnote In Word
Creating and formatting a bibliography
Inserting references
1. Position the cursor to the place in you Word document where you want to add your citation.
2. Click the EndNote X9 tab on the ribbon and then click the Go to EndNote buttonand open the appropriate EndNote library if its not already open.
3. Highlight the reference you want to cite from your EndNote library by clicking on the reference.
4. From here, there are several ways to add a reference to your paper:
5. In EndNote, go to Tools > Cite While You Write > Insert Selected Citation(s)
6. In Word, go to the Tools > EndNote X9 > Insert Selected Citation(s).
7. The citation will be automatically inserted into your Word document. You do not have to click the Insert Citation(s) button.
8. You can also copy/paste or drag/drop the reference from EndNote into the spot in your Word document where you want to cite it.
Formatting Your Bibliography
Once you have inserted citations into your paper, you can format (or re-format) your bibliography at any time, just be sure your EndNote library is open. The formatted references will automatically be added to the end of your Word document.
To format the bibliography:
1. In Word, click Configure Bibliography on the EndNote X9 ribbon.
2. If you do not see the style that you want to use in your list of options, click the Browse button to see all available bibliography formats and select the one you want to use.
3. You can also use Configure Bibliography > Layout to change the font, size and other features of your bibliography.
Creating a stand-alone reference list or bibliography
1. There may be times when you will want to create a stand-alone reference list or bibliography that is not otherwise part of a Word document.
2. Select the references in your EndNote library you wish to include in the bibliography
3. In EndNote, go to File > Export
4. Name the file, Save file as type >RTF and select your chosen Output Style
5. Click Save (be sure to note where the file is saved).
6. Now you can open the file in Microsoft Word as a stand-alone bibliography
- Last Updated:Dec 1, 2020 11:40 AM
- URL:https://libguides.ohsu.edu/endnote
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